Key result
Novel continuous-correction PPG-FMD yields a ~112% median dilation index inversely correlated with age and BMI.
Why the study?
The analysis protocol of photoplethysmography flow-mediated dilatation (PPG-FMD) has not yet been standardized, necessitating definition of a continuous correction method.
Does a continuous correction approach in PPG-FMD accurately measure endothelial function and correlate with cardiovascular risk factors in healthy persons?
Cross-Sectional (n=30)
No
Does a continuous correction approach in PPG-FMD accurately measure endothelial function and correlate with cardiovascular risk factors in healthy persons?
A novel continuous correction method for PPG-FMD provides operator-independent endothelial function measurements that correlate well with known cardiovascular risk factors like age and BMI.
Should not change clinical practice; leaves open validation of continuous PPG-FMD correction for endothelial assessment.
Background: Photoplethysmography flow-mediated dilatation (PPG-FMD) is an endothelial function measurement tool, and its use is increasing as it is easy to apply and relatively inexpensive. The analysis protocol of PPG-FMD has not yet been standardized. This study aimed to define the continuous correction method in PPG-FMD analysis and interpret the results obtained from a healthy population.Methods: The study population consisted of 30 healthy persons. Endothelial function measurement was done with the PPG-FMD method. In the correction process of the PPG signal, a continuous (element-wise) correction approach was defined and applied. PPG-dilation indexes (PPG-DI) were calculated for each subject, and its correlation with demographic and anthropometric data were analyzed. Finally, the study group was divided into subgroups, and endothelial function results were compared.Results: The median PPG-DI (IQR) value of the whole study group was 112% (60). The Pearson correlation coefficients (r) obtained in the analysis were as follows; r=-0.6278 for age, r=-0.4635 for BMI, r=-0.4628 for waist circumference, r=-0.4207 for systolic blood pressure, r=-0.2804 for diastolic blood pressure. In the subgroup analysis, groups with older age, high BMI, male sex, smoker, and high waist circumference had lower PPG-DI results.Conclusions: PPG-FMD could be a good alternative in the endothelial function measurement, with its operator-independent and easily applicable nature. Although the measurement protocol is similar to USG-FMD, PPG-FMD contains much more technical details during the analysis process. We introduced a novel signal correction method, and we believe that this will be a basis for future studies on this subject.
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Buyukaksu et al. (2021) conducted a cross-sectional in Healthy (n=30). Photoplethysmography flow-mediated dilatation (PPG-FMD) with continuous correction was evaluated on PPG-dilation index (PPG-DI). In 30 healthy volunteers, the median PPG-dilation index using a novel continuous correction method was 112%, demonstrating significant negative correlations with age, BMI, and waist circumference.
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