Insights into the Varroa destructor mite: vector and carrier of potential pathogens to Apis mellifera L

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

The Varroa mite, Varroa destructor, is an ectoparasite of Apis mellifera distributed worldwide. It is a significant factor in colony loss; therefore, it is considered a major threat to beekeeping. In addition to causing harm to bees by feeding on brood and adults, V. destructor serves as a vector for important pathogens of A. mellifera. The role of the Varroa mite in the mechanical and biological transmission of various viruses in A. mellifera is well-known. However, less is known about its ability to transmit other pathogens of bacterial and fungal origin, such as Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius, Ascosphaera apis, Aspergillus spp, among others. While different studies have reported that V. destructor acts as a passive vector and reservoir for some of these infectious agents, in many cases, the evidence is inconclusive and may even be contradictory. This systematic review aims to consolidate the scientific evidence available to date on specific pathogens associated with Varroa and their interactions. It seeks to provide a clearer understanding of the devastating effect of this mite and assist researchers, beekeepers, and management policymakers in implementing approaches that address both Varroa mite control and associated pathogen management in honey bee colonies. Ultimately, this review aims to highlight knowledge gaps that may guide future studies where research has not yet provided a comprehensive answer regarding the influence of V. destructor on the spread of these pathogens.