Previous studies are reviewed and experiments are performed on the interface properties of sand. It is shown that shear stiffness and roughness values are of primary importance in the analysis and design of structures in contact with soil using the finite element method. Hyperbolic representation of the stress-displacement relationship closely reflects the actual behaviour. It is verified that the initial tangent stiffness relates to normal stress. Other conclusions are also obtained and demonstrated.
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Acar et al. (1982) studied this question.