Lateral resistance and deflection of rigid walls and piles in layered soils

The ultimate lateral resistance and the lateral deflection at working loads of rigid vertical walls and piles with a free head subjected to horizontal load and embedded in two-layered soils of sand and clay have been investigated. Part 1 deals with the behaviour of rigid walls, and the analyses are compared with the results of model wall tests in layered soils. Part 2 treats the behaviour of rigid piles, and the analyses are compared with the results of model tests on piles and pile groups in layered soils and some field case records.