World Beliefs Moderate the Effects of Trauma and Severe Illness on Emotional Distress

OBJECTIVE: Severe illness and trauma can cause significant psychological distress, but individuals differ in their responses. This research tested whether world beliefs-fundamental assumptions about the nature of the world-moderate the relationship between negative life experiences and emotional distress. METHOD: Study 1 compared individuals with chronic illnesses (cystic fibrosis or cancer) to healthy controls on measures of anxiety, depression, and world beliefs. Study 2 analyzed longitudinal data from university students assessed before and after a campus mass shooting, focusing on the Safe world belief as a moderator of stress. RESULTS: In Study 1, people with chronic illness showed substantially higher anxiety and depression than controls at low levels of Improvable, Regenerative, and Just world beliefs, but did not differ at high levels of those beliefs. In Study 2, students low in Safe belief reported increased stress both shortly after and 4 months after the shooting, while those high in Safe belief showed no increases. Other positive world beliefs were less effective moderators. CONCLUSIONS: World beliefs appear to buffer individuals from emotional distress following severe illness or trauma. Further, the specific content of these beliefs, as well as their valence, appears important for emotional resilience.