The mechanism of cerebellar involvement in cognitive disorders and therapeutic prospects

The cerebellum has traditionally been regarded as a brain region primarily involved in motor coordination and balance. However, increasing evidence suggests that the cerebellum plays a significant role in multiple higher-order cognitive functions. This review explores the mechanisms underlying cerebellar involvement in cognitive impairment, focusing on four prevalent cognitive disorders: Alzheimer's disease, vascular cognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Analysis of existing neuroimaging, neuropathological, and clinical studies indicates that cerebellar structural and functional abnormalities constitute a common pathological feature of cognitive dysfunction in these conditions. Deepening our understanding of cerebellar-cerebral interactions offers new perspectives for early diagnosis, disease monitoring, and therapeutic interventions in cognitive disorders. This review also summarizes research on the cerebellum as a potential target for non-invasive brain stimulation therapy, which holds promise for opening up new avenues for intervention in cognitive disorders and ultimately leading to better treatment outcomes and quality of life for patients.