Green Arctic: How Global Warming is Changing the Tundra

This article analyzes the complex and contradictory processes of "greening" and "browning" in Arctic landscapes under the influence of global warming. It examines the biophysical mechanisms of these processes, including increased biomass, shrub expansion, permafrost thawing, and thermokarst. The study assesses the profound socio-ecological consequences for indigenous communities, particularly the crisis in traditional reindeer herding, destabilization of infrastructure, and disruption of traditional nature management. An interdisciplinary analysis integrates climatology, geocryology, social anthropology, and political science. The article argues for a paradigm shift from static "sustainability" to dynamic "adaptive management" and resilience, proposing principles of adaptive landscape design and co-design with local communities using Traditional Ecological Knowledge.