Urban Logistics in the 15-Minute City: A Systematic Review and Research Agenda

The 15-minute city has emerged as a dominant urban planning paradigm aimed at enhancing accessibility, sustainability, and liveability through spatial proximity. However, the logistics systems that enable such proximity remain underexplored. This study provides a structured review of the emerging literature at the intersection of urban logistics and the 15-minute city. Through a systematic literature review, the paper examines thematic trends, methodological approaches, key performance indicators (KPIs), and identifies enablers and barriers. The findings show that while interest in logistics within proximity-based urban models is rapidly increasing, the field remains conceptually and methodologically fragmented. Existing research predominantly focuses on environmental sustainability and last-mile solutions. In contrast, operational performance, economic viability, governance complexity, and long-term institutionalization are comparatively underdeveloped. Three major gaps are identified: (i) a conceptual gap, as proximity is measured but logistics systems are insufficiently theorized; (ii) a methodological gap, due to the absence of integrated, multi-dimensional frameworks of KPI; and (iii) a governance gap, with limited integration of logistics transitions within institutional and stakeholder-oriented analytical models. This study proposes a research agenda centered on integrated performance assessment, network design trade-offs, and governance mechanisms that support proximity-based logistics systems.