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In the electromagnetic hot plasma dispersion equation, there are a number of heavily damped modes. Among them, a few branches in the frequency range 0.8< omega / Omega <1, where Omega is the electron cyclotron frequency, may still propagate. If a launched electromagnetic wave excites these modes, it results in an anomalous heating. The energy deposition of this mechanism is not inconsistent with the electron cyclotron heating experiment of overdense plasmas in Doublet III.
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K. Matsuda (1986) studied this question.
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