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The ruthenium(II)-phosphine catalyst RuCl2(PPh3)(p-cymene) operating water selectively leads to ortho monoarylation, with arylchlorides and heteroarylhalides, of functional arenes. Further catalytic heteroarylation with Ru(OAc)2(p-cymene) in water produces mixed bifunctional derivatives.
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Arockiam et al. (2012) studied this question.
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