Transparent and light-yellow TiNb2O7 (TNO) single crystals with a maximum thickness of approximately 3 mm were grown from a melt. This study used the grown crystals to experimentally demonstrate that lithium diffusion parallel to the b-axis was favorable for lithium diffusion in TNO. Lithium was successfully doped (Li+ insertion) into the TNO single crystals using a liquid-type cell with metallic Li as the negative electrode. Arrhenius plots of the Li-doped TNO crystals revealed that the activation energies for [010] (//b-axis) and [10 [Formula: see text]] (⊥b-axis) were approximately 0.28 and 0.73 eV, respectively.
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Imano et al. (2026) studied this question.
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