Recommendations for NP/Physician Collaborative Relationships in Long-Term Care Homes

Residents of long-term care (LTC) homes have complex medical and psychosocial care needs. Nurse practitioners (NPs) and physicians possess the complementary skills required for responding to residents' needs. Therefore, collaboration between NPs and physicians is crucial for achieving optimal resident outcomes. Despite the increasing number of NPs and physicians practicing in LTC homes, the recruitment and retention of both primary care providers in the LTC sector is difficult. In addition, establishing collaborative relationships remains challenging. Informed by 2 literature reviews, interviews with NPs and physicians with LTC experience, and a stakeholder workshop, this article provides a set of evidence-based considerations for physicians and NPs for establishing collaborative relationships. The recommendations are divided into 5 areas: (1) creating clear expectations, (2) establishing best practices for communication, (3) fostering a culture of psychological safety, (4) maintaining a healthy relationship, and (5) developing educational supports. Implications for practice, policy, and research include establishing support from LTC home management, resources for managing the increasing complexity of LTC residents, and continuing education courses focused on the LTC environment. The current and anticipated care needs of residents in LTC require a shift to effective collaborative relationships between NPs and physicians. These evidence-based recommendations can enhance collaborative NP/physician relationships and their work environment and assist with the retention of NPs and physicians in LTC homes.