The output and transmission characteristics of both single and double (tandem) integrating spheres have been studied with a lead-salt diode laser in the 2000-cm(-1) spectral region. For an f/20 input beam, the effective length is about eight times the diameter of the sphere. The corresponding transmittance is ~10(-5) for the tandem spheres. The output beam has a Gaussian profile.
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Venkatesh et al. (1980) studied this question.
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