Analysis of the self-imaging effect in binary polarization gratings

The self-imaging or Talbot effect has been widely studied in recent decades. This phenomenon has been demonstrated in periodic structures such as binary amplitude gratings, binary phase gratings, and angular periodical structures. In this paper, we employ a direct method to generate polarization gratings by transforming a binary phase grating using a phase-only spatial light modulator. After generating these gratings, which feature either orthogonal or non-orthogonal polarization states, we analyze their Talbot effect and establish the characteristic propagation factors across multiple planes from z =0 up to the Talbot distance ( z = Z T ). Finally, we present the resulting polarization states from the experimental propagation of these gratings, demonstrating good agreement with the theoretical analysis.