Estimating leaf inclination angle distribution of broad-leaved trees in each part of the canopies by a high-resolution portable scanning lidar

We estimated the distribution of leaf inclination angle (LIA) throughout the canopy of three broad-leaved trees by a portable high-resolution scanning lidar. Each canopy was scanned from three positions surrounding it and the data were co-registered. The 3-D images were divided into five horizontal layers, and the LIA distribution of each layer was estimated by a fitted plane to each leaf and taking the zenith angle of the plane. The LIA decreased significantly with increasing canopy height. The degree of the LIA decrease was different in each specimen. The mean LIA values of each layer were 36.7° to 43.8° in Camellia sasanqua, 34.6° to 45.9° in Osmanthus fragrans, and 48.9° to 65.4° in Camellia japonica. The differences in LIA distribution were explained mainly by the light conditions around the trees.