Implementation of Structural Earthquake-Disaster Mitigation Programs in Developing Countries

Some of the structural earthquake-disaster mitigation programs implemented in developing countries are evaluated, with an emphasis on Latin America. Recommendations for reducing the vulnerability of engineered construction include the following: (1) promote the use of structural systems with a built-in large seismic capacity; (2) avoid the adoption among practitioners of new building technologies without a previous process of review and assimilation; (3) develop specific design and rehabilitation requirements for critical facilities; (4) implement codes of different levels of complexity; (5) improve the expertise of building officials; and (6) apply financial and tax incentives. For nonengineered buildings, recommendations include the following: (1) encourage the participation of building owners and develop specific training programs for them; (2) promote the use of structural solutions akin to the local practice; (3) encourage the participation of local universities and professional associations; (4) take advantage of periods of hyperreceptivity immediately following severe earthquakes; (5) develop small-scale pilot studies; (6) disseminate the successes attained in similar areas and conditions; (7) implement economic incentives (suitable materials at reduced prices and temporary employment for masons); and (8) link vulnerability-reduction tasks to other actions aimed at improving housing habitability and durability, and at reducing poverty.