The use of fuzzy logic for data analysis and modelling of European harmful algal blooms: results of the HABES project

Fuzzy logic was applied to model blooms of Nodularia spumigena, Dinophysis spp., Alexandrium minutum, Karenia mikimotoi and Phaeocystis globosa at various European sites as part of the Harmful Algal Blooms Expert System (HABES) project. This modelling approach was useful in performing integrated analyses of interacting physical and biological factors involved in HABs. A basic knowledge of HAB formation and sufficient data are a prerequisite for successful bloom prediction.