Efficient nitrile hydration to the corresponding amide derivatives is observed in water using poorly soluble [RuCl2(η6-arene)(PR3)] catalysts 1 with the aid of surfactants to ensure substrate and catalyst solubilization, and enabling ligand effect study on catalytic activity. Amide yields of 40 to 95% can be observed with a variety of aromatic and aliphatic nitriles using the optimized catalyst system, [RuCl2(p-cymene)(PPh2OEt)]/Triton X-114. Catalyst separation and recycling is possible.
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Cavarzan et al. (2010) studied this question.
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