A simple model for the light curve generated by a Shoemaker‐Levy 9 impact

The impact of a typical Shoemaker‐Levy 9 fragment produced three light peaks as seen from Earth. The first peak is related to the entry of the fragment into the Jovian atmosphere. The second peak occurs when the exploding fireball rises above Jupiter's limb into direct view from Earth. The third peak, much the brightest, occurs when the ejecta plume falls back on the atmosphere. By contrast, Galileo, which had a direct view of the impacts, saw two peaks, one at entry, and one at plumefall. Here we present a simple, highly idealized model of a ballistic plume, which we then use to fit the observed light curve of the R impact as recorded at Mauna Kea and Mount Palomar. From the light curve we find that the nominal R fragment had diameter 450–500 m and mass ∼2 ‐ 3 × 1013 g. The uncertainty in the mass is probably about a factor of 3, with a smaller event more likely than a larger one.