Key result
Viral models reveal diverse RNA export mechanisms driven by distinct CRM1 and TAP pathways.
Why the study?
The functions of RNA elements in intronless viral transcripts are not fully understood, particularly regarding export and 3'-end processing.
This review summarizes the mechanisms of RNA export using viral models, highlighting the roles of Rev/CRM1 and CTE/TAP pathways.
Delineates distinct retroviral RNA export pathways; leaves open their targeting for antivirals pending human validation.
The retroviruses export intron-containing RNA. The complex retroviruses encode a Rev protein that uses a leucine-rich NES to interact with CRM1 and the U snRNA-export pathway. Other viruses encode proteins with a Rev-like NES. The type-D retroviruses contain a CTE that binds the cellular protein TAP to export intron-containing RNA through the mRNA pathway. Intronless viral transcripts contain post-transcriptionally acting RNA elements that may compensate for the lack of an intron. The functions of elements in intronless RNA are not fully understood but may be in export and/or 3'-end processing.
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Harris et al. (2000) reported a review. Viral models reveal diverse RNA export mechanisms, with complex retroviruses using Rev-like proteins and the CRM1 pathway, and type-D retroviruses using CTE and TAP.
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