Left Atrial Reservoir Strain and Heart Failure Rehospitalization Burden in Acute Heart Failure With Atrial Fibrillation

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. Divergent associations with rehospitalization and death. Cause‐specific hazard ratios compare HF rehospitalization‐first and death‐first in the left atrial diameter analysis cohort, with 95% confidence intervals for each variable. Same‐day rehospitalization and death were counted as death‐first. Toho University Ohashi Medical Center was the reference center. eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HF, heart failure; LA, left atrial; LVEF, left‐ventricular ejection fraction; NCGM, National Center for Global Health and Medicine; NP, natriuretic peptide.

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  FIGURE 2. Left atrial reservoir strain and first heart failure rehospitalization across adjustment sets. Subdistribution hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals show the association of LArs with first HF rehospitalization in the 320‐patient NCGM cohort, expressed per 1 percentage‐point higher LArs, with death treated as a competing event. Every model was adjusted for age, sex, B‐type natriuretic peptide (log), estimated glomerular filtration rate, hemoglobin, and left‐ventricular ejection fraction; each row adds the echocardiographic covariates shown. CI, confidence interval; E/e′, ratio of early mitral inflow velocity to mitral annular early diastolic velocity; HF, heart failure; LArs, left atrial reservoir strain; LAVI, left atrial volume index; NCGM, National Center for Global Health and Medicine; sHR, subdistribution hazard ratio.

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  FIGURE 3. Heart failure rehospitalization by exploratory left atrial diameter–LArs category. Cumulative incidence functions compare HF rehospitalization across the four exploratory categories in the 320‐patient NCGM cohort, with death treated as a competing event. Categories were defined by the cohort‐derived 365‐day competing‐risk cutoffs of left atrial diameter >48.6 mm and LArs <9.5%, and are labeled neither, LA diameter only, LArs only, and both. CIF, cumulative incidence function; HF, heart failure; LA, left atrial; LArs, left atrial reservoir strain; NCGM, National Center for Global Health and Medicine.