What question did this study set out to answer?

To determine whether microbial molecules translocate into the brain during lentivirus infection and contribute to neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment.

October 3, 2022Brain Behavior and ImmunityOpen Access

Microbial molecule ingress promotes neuroinflammation and brain CCR5 expression in persons with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders

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Authors

WBWilliam G. BrantonUniversity of Alberta JFJason P. FernandesUniversity of Alberta NMNazanin MohammadzadehUniversity of Alberta

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Implication

Translational study reveals microbial molecule ingress amplifies neuroinflammation and CCR5 expression in lentivirus infection, indicating a bacterial driver of HIV-associated brain disease.

Key Points

To determine whether microbial molecules translocate into the brain during lentivirus infection and contribute to neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment.
Quantified bacterial DNA copies and viral load in brain tissues from SIV-infected non-human primates (n=5 with encephalitis) and humans with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders using RT-PCR, ddPCR, immunofluorescence, and western blotting.
Evaluated viral replication, immune gene expression, and neuronal viability in primary human microglia and neurons exposed to peptidoglycan and HIV-1 Vpr.
Bacterial genome copies (250–550 copies/g tissue) and bacterial transcripts (rRNA and GroEL) were elevated in human brains with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, accompanied by GroEL and peptidoglycan immunoreactivity in glia.
Brain bacterial burden in SIV-infected primates correlated with increased CCR5 and CASP1 expression, while peptidoglycan exposure induced CCR5 and p24 production in HIV-1-infected microglia and triggered mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced beta-III tubulin in neurons.

Cite This Study

Branton et al. (2022) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aaf5eefc2046952605d24ce https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2022.09.019

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Implication

Translational study reveals microbial molecule ingress amplifies neuroinflammation and CCR5 expression in lentivirus infection, indicating a bacterial driver of HIV-associated brain disease.

Microbial molecule ingress promotes neuroinflammation and brain CCR5 expression in persons with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders

Discussion

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Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

Microbial molecule ingress promotes neuroinflammation and brain CCR5 expression in persons with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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