Axial and radial growth of Ni-induced GaN nanowires

GaN nanowires (NWs) were grown on sapphire by molecular beam epitaxy. NWs form only in the presence of Ni seed particles and only under N-rich conditions. Their length increases linearly with growth time up to about 7.5μm while their diameter remains almost constant. In contrast, a switch to Ga-rich conditions after NW formation results in radial growth, i.e., the NW diameter increases while lengthening is negligible. These results corroborate the fact that the growth of III-V NWs is governed by the accumulation of group-III atoms in the seeds, while group-V species are not preferentially incorporated at the seeds.