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Sparingly soluble mineral deposits formed by cation-anion association of calcium, barium, or strontium with carbonates, sulfates, or phosphates and silica/metal silicates often plague poorly treated, supersaturated process water systems. This article discusses control approaches using environmentally benign and nonhazardous chemical compounds, also known as "green additives." These findings are applicable to cooling and boiler water, pulp and paper processes, detergents, and oil and gas facilities.
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Demadis et al. (2006) studied this question.
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