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A hybrid membrane bioreactor (HMBR) was developed by adding biofilm carriers into a conventional membrane bioreactor (CMBR), and a study was conducted on the characteristics of the activated sludge in the HMBR and CMBR with attention paid to the effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on membrane fouling. As a result, lower EPS concentrations were detected from the HMBR than the CMBR, bringing about a substantial improvement in the sludge properties. The larger particle size, more compact particle structure, and better settleability of the sludge in the HMBR resulted in lower cake layer resistance and much slower TMP increase.
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Wang et al. (2010) studied this question.
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