Tom J. De Jong, Peter G. L. Klinkhamer, Seedling Establishment of the Biennials Cirsium Vulgare and Cynoglossum Officinale in a Sand-Dune Area: The Importance of Water for Differential Survival and Growth, Journal of Ecology, Vol. 76, No. 2 (Jun., 1988), pp. 393-402
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Jong et al. (1988) studied this question.