Cesarean Section Rate Using Robson’s Ten Group Classification at Maternity Teaching Hospital

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Background and Objectives: Cesarean-Section can be life-saving; however, unnecessary procedures pose risks such as prolonged hospital stays, bleeding, and infections. This study aimed to analyze Cesarean-Section rates in a teaching maternity hospital operating Robson's Ten Group Classification System to identify distinctive patterns and factors associated with Cesarean-Section deliveries. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 500 women who delivered via cesarean section at a teaching maternity hospital in Erbil, Iraq, from January 2023 to January 2024. Data was collected through a questionnaire, medical chart reviews, and classification of births using the Robson’s Ten Group Classification System on a maternal basis. Characteristics of pregnancy and childbirth were studied. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 28, presenting results as rates, proportions, frequencies, and percentages. Results: The study found that the average age of participants was 29.20 years, and 99% of them were housewives. Urban residents constituted 71% of the sample. Most pregnancies were term (80%), with 27% primiparous and 68% multiparous. The highest Cesarean-Section rate was in the Robson 5 group (37%), indicating a high prevalence of recurrent Cesarean-Section. Primary indications for Cesarean-Section included fetal distress (22%) and malpresentation (13%). Conclusion: The TGCS specified key groups influencing Cesarean-Section rates, facilitating comparison and evaluation of interventions.