Key result
Male sex is linked to larger renal volumes in patients with essential hypertension.
Why the study?
Renal volume in adult patients with essential hypertension and its correlation with age, sex, BMI, BSA, and duration of hypertension was not well characterized.
Observational (n=200)
No
In patients with essential hypertension, renal volume correlates positively with body surface area and body mass index and negatively with age, but is not associated with the duration of hypertension.
Renal volume norms in hypertension should account for body size and age; leaves open any independent link to disease duration or progression.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To determine renal volume in adult patients with essential hypertension and correlate it with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), body surface area (BSA) and duration of hypertension. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 150 patients (75 males, 75 females) with essential hypertension and normal renal status were evaluated sonographically in this prospective study. Fifty healthy individuals (25 males, 25 females) without hypertension were also evaluated as control. Renal volume was then calculated from the kidney's length, width and anterio-posterior diameter using the formula L×W×AP×0.523. RESULTS: The range of renal volume obtained was 51.65-205.02 cm(3), with a mean of 114.06 ± 29.78 cm(3) for the left kidney and 47.37-177.50 cm(3) with a mean of 106.14 ± 25.42 cm(3) for the right kidney. The mean volumes of the right and left kidneys in males (112.98 ± 25.56 cm(3) and 123.11 ± 32.49 cm(3), respectively), were significantly higher than in females (99.31 ± 23.07 cm(3) and 105.01 ± 23.77 cm(3), respectively). Renal volume correlated significantly with BSA and BMI, but decreased with age. The renal volume showed no correlation with duration of hypertension. CONCLUSION: Renal volume is higher in the left than the right kidney in hypertensive patients of both sexes and female hypertensive patients have smaller kidney size compared to males. The study also shows that volume of both kidneys decreases with age and positive correlation between renal volume, BSA and BMI. However, there is no correlation between renal size and duration of hypertension.
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Egberongbe et al. (2010) conducted an observational in Essential hypertension (n=200). Essential hypertension vs. Healthy individuals without hypertension was evaluated on Renal volume. In patients with essential hypertension, mean left kidney volume was 114.06 cm3 and right kidney volume was 106.14 cm3, with volumes significantly higher in males than females.
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