Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Associated With a Parvovirus B19 Infection During Pregnancy

BACKGROUND: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is potentially fatal. Prompt diagnosis and initiation of treatment are critical for ensuring the best possible prognosis. CASE: We present a case of parvovirus B19 infection related to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis during pregnancy. The patient experienced fever and pancytopenia. A bone marrow biopsy demonstrated hemophagocytosis and a giant proerythroblasts, which is characteristic of a parvovirus B19 infection. Viral serology for parvovirus B19 was positive. Prompt treatment was started because of the high level of certainty of viral-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and the patient was successfully treated with prednisolone administration. She delivered a healthy newborn without any complications. CONCLUSION: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis should be considered when encountering unexplained cytopenia and fever. Prednisolone was an effective treatment.