Study of array-focused vortex light generation and propagation based on composited modified spiral zone plate gratings

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

Arrayed vortex beams hold promise for optical imaging, trapping, and free-space communication. In this paper, we propose a method to generate array-focused vortex beams using composite spiral zone plate gratings, with emphasis on a cross-shaped vortex array. Unlike conventional techniques that often rely on complex systems and inflexible experimental structures, the proposed method is easy to reconstruct, flexible to program, and simple in structure. We used genetic algorithms to optimize the structure of the cross-shaped vortex array to achieve better performance in atmospheric turbulence propagation. Through simulations and experiments, we demonstrate that the cross-shaped vortex array exhibits superior stability. This design improves propagation robustness in free space, particularly for practical optical communication applications where turbulence resistance is crucial.