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A.L.G., I.Z., and J.H. have no conflicts of interest or disclosures. K.J.W. receives support from Bionie consulting (new, August 2025), which is ongoing; research support from UCB pharma, which ended June 2025, and Photopharmics, which is ongoing. M.A.W. is a paid consultant to Aesculap regarding devices to treat hydrocephalus, but which were not used in the PENS Trial.
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Wyant et al. (2026) studied this question.
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