Self‐qualification in L2 Japanese: An Interface of Pragmatic, Grammatical, and Discourse Competences

In Japanese, self‐qualification, or a qualifying segment of talk that reduces the force of the speaker's own utterances, is frequently introduced with contrastive markers, such as demo, kedo, and ga. This study explores the relationship between the grammatical and pragmatic competence of Japanese L2 learners by examining their use of such self‐qualification in a corpus of oral proficiency interviews. It demonstrates that successful self‐qualification is achieved not only by the placement of appropriate connective expressions but also through effective use of foregrounding and/or backgrounding discourse mechanisms. The results indicate a close relationship between pragmatic, grammatical, and discourse competence in learner language.