Fault-tolerant and energy efficient cross-layer design for wireless sensor networks

In wireless sensor networks, fault-tolerant and energy efficiency are two important topics. Some link failure may happen during data transmission and some threat can come from compromised nodes, which might relay incorrect information (packet) to the next node during routing. In this paper, we propose a Fault-tolerant and Energy Efficient Multipath-routing (FEEM) scheme aided with channel coding and interleaver, which is a cross-layer design approach. For multipath selection, we propose an Energy and Mobility-aware Geographical Multipath Routing (EM-GMR) scheme, which is based on Fuzzy Logic System (FLS) considering the remaining battery capacity, mobility and distance to the destination node. Simulation results show that our EM-GMR scheme can extend the network lifetime longer than the original geographical routing scheme which only considers distance to the destination location and this scheme can reduce the frame loss rate and link failure rate since mobility is considered. We demonstrate that even if certain paths have failure or are compromised, our FEEM scheme is still able to recover the transmitted message from failure with very low Bit Error Rate (BER) and Frame Error Rate (FER).