Aerobic Oxidation of Biomass-Derived 5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural into 2,5-Diformylfuran Catalyzed by the Trimetallic Mixed Oxide (Co–Ce–Ru)

The paper deals with oxidation of the biomass-derived model molecule 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) catalyzed by the trimetallic mixed oxide RuCo(OH) 2 CeO 2 . The catalyst RuCo(OH) 2 CeO 2 was prepared through alkali hydrolysis of RuCl 3, Co(NO 3 ) 2, and Ce(NO 3 ) 2 and characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy techniques. RuCo(OH) 2 CeO 2 showed high catalytic activity for aerobic oxidation of HMF under mild conditions (in the case of atmospheric oxygen pressure). Various reaction parameters such as the reaction temperature, catalyst amount, solvent, and oxidant were explored. Results demonstrated that the oxidant and solvent showed a remarkable effect on the aerobic oxidation of HMF to 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF). Under optimal conditions, DFF was obtained in a high yield of 82.6% with HMF conversion of 96.5% after 12 h at 120 °C. More importantly, the catalyst could be reused several times without significant loss of its catalytic activity.