Beneficial Effects of Post-biotics on Food Products and its Effect on Human Health: a Critical Review

The human intestinal microbiota is a collection of microorganisms that reside in the gastrointestinal tract and there is a direct link between the presence of beneficial microbiota and the development of immune function, the nervous system and the host metabolic pathways.Probiotics are known to be non-pathogenic microorganisms that, if taken in sufficient amounts, can have health effects.Therefore, consumption of foods or supplements containing post-biotic compounds is one of the most important strategies to balance the microbiota and to improve the health of the host.Evidence suggests that post-biotics do not require survival compared to their parent probiotic cells and can produce health-like effects similar to probiotics.Also, the production and use of postbiotics is safer, more stable and more cost-effective.Post-biotics have biological activity, including immune modulating, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer activity.Clinical studies also confirm the efficacy of probiotics as an effective factor in improving the treatment of a wide range of diseases such as ulcerative colitis, acute infectious diarrhea, antibiotic resistant diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, necrotic enteritis, liver disorders, and gastrointestinal cancers.In this study, a review of the concept of postbiotics and classification of post-biotics has been done based on type and chemical composition and physiological activities and promising effects on prevention or :