The objectives for coagulation‐based processes have changed significantly as a consequence of new goals for lower treated‐water turbidity and criteria for total organic carbon (TOC) removal to meet requirements for enhanced coagulation. Although the application of coagulation for TOC removal has garnered considerable interest, the capability to maintain effective turbidity removal is a higher priority and cannot be compromised. This article describes evaluations for assessing this broader view of the coagulation process and underlines the necessity of identifying coagulant adjustments that not only remove TOC but also achieve effective particulate removal. Several basic coagulation adjustments are available for improving capability to meet goals for TOC and turbidity removal, including changes in pH and coagulant dose, use of alternative coagulant chemicals, and changes in the order of chemical addition.
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Budd et al. (2004) studied this question.
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