Key Takeaways In the wake of the US Environmental Protection Agency's Clean Water Act, Journal AWWA published in 1973 a series of views on turnkey construction, aka design‐build. More than half of all water infrastructure projects today are delivered using various forms of collaborative delivery. Fifty years after the “turnkey” debate, the water industry can access a range of collaborative delivery options tailored to specific needs and risk tolerance.
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Kinchen et al. (2026) studied this question.
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