Systematic studies of second-generation high-temperature superconducting wires with Gd excess relative to the stoichiometric GdBa2Cu3O7 composition are reported. It has been revealed that filamentary defects in the form of non-superconducting Gd2CuO4 phase located along the ab plane are formed during film growth. These inclusions lead to a change in the pinning mechanism of the vortex structure, due to which the peak of the critical current at +15% Gd is clearly observed.
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Degtyarenko et al. (2023) studied this question.
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