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(1) The effect of heavy and light deer browsing on the composition and structure of eastern hemlock forests was investigated in Wisconsin, United States. (2) Sugar maple rapidly replaced hemlock when both were heavily browsed but reproduction in hemlock soon recovered upon removal of browsing. (3) White-tailed deer have a substantial influence on the reproduction of hemlock, and on the potential of this species to replace itself in forests where hemlock is the dominant tree species.
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Anderson et al. (1979) studied this question.
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