Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Of the ten superfamilies recognized in my classification of the Hymenoptera, all have been classified down to genera except the Ants, or superfamily IV, Formicoidea, a very large and most difficult complex, and rendered even more difficult by the extraordinary number and diversity of the sexes, there being sometimes several different forms to a single species.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
William H. Ashmead (1905) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: