Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
James P. Ludwig, Heidi J. Auman, D. V. Weseloh, Glen A. Fox, John P. Giesy, Matthew E. Ludwig, Evaluation of the Effects of Toxic Chemicals in Great Lakes Cormorants: Has Causality been Established?, Colonial Waterbirds, Vol. 18, Special Publication 1: The Double-Crested Cormorant: Biology, Conservation and Management (1995), pp. 60-69
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Ludwig et al. (1995) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: