Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Amniotic Fluid, Umbilical Arterial Blood, Umbilical Venous Blood, and Maternal Blood at Delivery, and Their Reference Values for Full-Term, Singleton, Cesarean Deliveries

Figure 1. Graphs showing the measured biomarkers in amniotic fluid (AF), maternal blood (MATB), umbilical arterial blood (UAB), and umbilical venous blood (UVB). The individual color coded lines represent individual combined linked sample sets related to individual deliveries. Each line represents linked biomarker levels in an individual pregnancy. Green lines (elective) represent linked samples resulting from elective cesarean section. Orange lines (non-elective) represent non-elective deliveries with exposure to labor (i.e., vaginal delivery and secondary cesarean section). The database consisted of 189 neonates and their mothers.

Figure 2. Distribution of biomarkers in color coded body fluid components of amniotic fluid (AF), maternal blood (MATB), umbilical arterial blood (UAB), and umbilical venous blood (UVB). Data are expressed as the standardized mean and SEM of the different biomarkers in relation to an estimated modeled mean. Data distinguish between elective and non-elective deliveries. Solid lines and dots represent elective cesarean deliveries (elective). Dashed lines and triangles represent deliveries with exposure to labor (i.e., vaginal delivery or secondary cesarean section, [non-elective]). The database consisted of 189 neonates and their mothers.

Figure 3. Correlation matrix shows bivariate correlations between the six analyzed biomarkers in four different body fluids as scatterplots and correlation coefficients (Spearman's rho). The superimposed curves shown in the diagonal center axis represent frequency curves for individual values in the individual body fluids. The four examined body fluids are color coded as follows: amniotic fluid (AF), green; maternal blood (MATB), orange; umbilical arterial blood (UAB), blue; and umbilical venous blood (UVB), purple. The examined biomarkers were high-sensitive troponin I (hsTnI [pg/mL]), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP [pg/mL]), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP [pg/mL]), midregional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MRproANP [pmol/L]), midregional pro-adrenomedullin (MRproADM [nmol/L]), and copeptin (COPT [pmol/L]). The database consisted of 189 neonates and their mothers.