A central composite design-based targeted quercetin nanoliposomal formulation: Optimization and cytotoxic studies on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines

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values of 5.8 μM and 7.9 μM for QT-NLs and QT, respectively. In our study, the optimized formulation exhibited late and early apoptosis and necrosis when used to treat MCF-7 cells. S and G2/M cell cycle phases of MCF-7 cell arrest were confirmed by the cell cycle report. At sub-G0/G1 phase, 2.10 ± 1.1 %; G0/G1 phase, 34.13 ± 1.9 %; S phase, 34.55 ± 0.98 %; and G2/M phase, 26.24 ± 1.7 % of cell arrest were observed. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed design for the development of corn starch-coated QT-NLs and their activity in breast cancer cell lines.