The impact of life story groups on enhancing attitudes toward aging in older adults: a mixed methods study

BACKGROUND: With the increasing aging population, fostering a positive attitude toward aging is essential for enhancing psychological well-being and successful aging. Negative perceptions of aging, influenced by stereotypes and social biases, can impact self-identity and mental health. Life story group interventions provide a platform for older adults to reflect on life experiences, challenge aging myths, and strengthen social engagement. This study examined the effectiveness of a life story group intervention in improving older adults' attitudes toward aging. METHODS: This study employed a mixed-methods design. A total of 108 participants (54 per group) were recruited from two randomly selected communities in Taiwan that were assigned to either the experimental or control group by lottery. The experimental group participated in an eight-week life story intervention, while the control group received no intervention. Quantitative data were collected using the Taiwan Attitude toward Aging Questionnaire and analyzed using paired t-tests and ANCOVA. Qualitative data from semi-structured interviews were analyzed thematically to explore participants' experiences. RESULTS: After eight weeks, the experimental group showed a significant increase in attitude toward aging scores (t = 31.14, p = 0.001), whereas the control group showed no significant change (t = 1.99, p = 0.06). ANCOVA results confirmed a significant difference between groups (F = 817.56, p < 0.001). Qualitative analysis revealed three key themes: "Finding a new normal amidst loss," "Dispelling myths and redefining self-worth," and "A wonderful life that continues to bloom." Participants reported a shift from viewing aging as decline to embracing adaptation and growth, alongside increased motivation for social participation. CONCLUSIONS: The life story group intervention significantly improved older adults' attitudes toward aging, supporting its use as a psychosocial intervention. Encouraging participation in narrative-based interventions may promote active engagement, self-identity, and resilience. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.