Key result
DTwP, MMR, and OPV vaccines linked to sudden infant death driven by severe myocarditis.
Why the study?
Sudden Infant Death due to severe myocarditis following vaccination is a rare adverse event that requires effective monitoring and management.
Case Report (n=1)
Effect estimate: Naranjo score 6
This case report highlights severe myocarditis as a rare but fatal adverse event following routine childhood immunization, suggesting a role for cardiac monitoring in managing postvaccinal adverse effects.
Case of probable post-vaccination fatal myocarditis should not change practice; hypothesis-generating and requires confirmation in larger studies.
Background: Vaccination is a fundamental strategy in public health for controlling and eradicating infectious diseases. However, the undesirable Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) should be effectively monitored, prevented, and managed in societies. Previously, Sudden Infant Death (SID) has been reported as a serious AEFI. We present a rare case of SID in an 18-month-old girl due to severe myocarditis following vaccination. Case Presentation: An 18-month-old girl presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with a history of the injection of Diphtheria-Tetanus-Whole Cell Pertussis (DTwP); Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR), and oral poliovirus vaccines. She expired one-hour post ED admission after the episodes of vomiting and cardiopulmonary arrest. Postmortem histopathological examination signified marked congestion and the destruction of muscle fibers in the myocardium with inflammatory cells infiltration predominantly eosinophils. Given the postmortem histopathological findings, the cause of death was concluded as severe myocarditis following vaccination. Finally, the causality assessment was performed according to the Naranjo scale; the relevant data revealed a probable association in this regard (Naranjo score 6). Conclusion: Myocarditis is a rare and probable AEFI; thus, cardiac monitoring should be recommended as a diagnostic measure in managing postvaccinal adverse effects.
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Salahshour et al. (2021) conducted a case report in Sudden Infant Death / Postvaccinal Myocarditis (n=1). DTwP, MMR, and oral poliovirus vaccines was evaluated on Cause of death and causality assessment (Naranjo score 6). An 18-month-old girl experienced sudden infant death due to severe myocarditis, with a Naranjo score of 6 indicating a probable association with recent DTwP, MMR, and OPV vaccinations.
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