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The main features of negatively charged images are: bright regions are always accompanied by a dark region, which corresponds to the region above connecting lines in LSI, and dark regions seem to encroach the bright region. These features are explained by a new model, which contains redistribution and multiplication of secondary electrons, EBIC and space charge conduction of electrons in an insulator, surface potential distribution and voltage contrast.
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Katsumi Ura (1998) studied this question.
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