A. J. Belsky, S. M. Mwonga, R. G. Amundson, J. M. Duxbury, A. R. Ali, Comparative Effects of Isolated Trees on Their Undercanopy Environments in High- and Low-Rainfall Savannas, Journal of Applied Ecology, Vol. 30, No. 1 (1993), pp. 143-155
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Belsky et al. (1993) studied this question.