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Apublished definition for complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), which states that CRPS is a form of spontaneous or stimulusinduced chronic pain that affects one limb in either the upper or lower extremity. This usually occurs after an injury and lasts for over six months (1, 2). CRPS occurs in patients who have undergone limb surgery, limb fractures, or trauma (1) and is characterised by severe, prolonged pain, changes in skin colour and temperature, and swelling and bone loss in the affected limb (1–3). CRPS is divided into two types: I and II. Patients who have reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome without confirmed nerve injury are categorised as having CRPS-I (1–4). On the other hand, CRPS-II, also known as causalgia, occurs when there is associated and established nerve damage (1–4). Eldufani et al. conducted a review of updated therapeutic strategies based on CRPS pathophysiology, presenting novel approaches and techniques for managing the disease (1).
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Robert G. Smith (2020) studied this question.
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