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A content analysis of all pictures of music-related figures appearing in sixth-, sev-enth-, and eighth-grade music textbooks published in 1988 revealed that females were underrepresented. An equity criterion of 50% females in illustrations was met only in the case of one activity and a few musical instruments. Furthermore, the illustrations as a group tended to reflect music-related sex stereotypes. More music education research needs to focus on equity in curricular materials, and, more studies in music education should address gender-related issues.
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Julia Eklund Koza (1994) studied this question.
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