What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: RCT. Population: Nicotine dependence (n=48). Intervention: Smoking vs. Remaining abstinent. Primary outcome: Cognitive flexibility evaluated using the Intra-Extra Dimensional Set-Shift test.

What does this research mean for the field?

Smoking selectively impairs prefrontal cortex-mediated cognitive flexibility in high-dependent smokers compared to remaining abstinent, whereas this impairment is not observed in low-dependent smokers. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

February 1, 2011Pharmacology Biochemistry and BehaviorOpen Access

Degree of dependence influences the effect of smoking on cognitive flexibility

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Key result

Smoking one cigarette impairs cognitive flexibility in high-dependent smokers vs abstinence by increasing set-shift errors.

n=48

Why the study?

The relationship between smoking, degree of nicotine dependence, and pre-frontal cortical-mediated cognitive flexibility and subjective states was unclear.

Does smoking one cigarette affect cognitive flexibility and subjective states in low- and high-dependent smokers?

Comparison

Smoking one cigarette vs remaining abstinent after minimum two-hour abstinence

Design

Randomized allocation to smoking or non-smoking condition

Follow-up

Immediate after intervention

Authors

JRJennifer RustedUniversity of Sussex TDTheodora DukaUniversity of Sussex AJAnne JacksonCancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Acute smoking may disrupt cognitive flexibility in dependent smokers; this case-control finding is hypothesis-generating and requires confirmation in randomized trials.

Study Design

Type

RCT (n=48)

Randomization

Randomly allocated

Structured PICO

Does smoking one cigarette affect cognitive flexibility and subjective states in low- and high-dependent smokers?

Population

48 low- and high-dependent smokers who abstained from smoking for at least two hours.

Intervention

Smoking one cigarette after abstaining for a minimum of two hours.

Comparator

Remaining abstinent after abstaining for a minimum of two hours.

Outcome

Cognitive flexibility evaluated using the Intra-Extra Dimensional Set-Shift test.surrogate

Smoking selectively impairs pre-frontal cortical-mediated cognitive flexibility in high-dependent smokers, highlighting that cognitive effects of smoking vary by degree of nicotine dependence.

Cite This Study

Rusted et al. (2011) conducted an RCT in Nicotine dependence (n=48). Smoking vs. Remaining abstinent was evaluated on Cognitive flexibility evaluated using the Intra-Extra Dimensional Set-Shift test. Smoking one cigarette selectively impaired cognitive flexibility in high-dependent smokers, who made significantly more intra-dimensional set-shift errors compared to those remaining abstinent.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6ab1db43d92ecf2432bf45b5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2011.01.015

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Implication

Acute smoking may disrupt cognitive flexibility in dependent smokers; this case-control finding is hypothesis-generating and requires confirmation in randomized trials.

Degree of dependence influences the effect of smoking on cognitive flexibility

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Study Design

Structured PICO

Cite This Study

Degree of dependence influences the effect of smoking on cognitive flexibility

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Study Design

Structured PICO

Cite This Study

Also Consider

Also Consider